What is Obesity (Bariatric) and Diabetes
(Metabolic) Surgery?
The
term “bariatric” derives from the Greek work “Baros” that means weight, and
since it has historically been used to define the surgeries that aim slimming
the overweight and obese patients, it implies the gastroeintestinal surgeries
that intends losing weight.
It is known that such
gastrointestinal surgeries not only reduce body weight, but they are decrease
the mortality rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
The
experimental studies conducted on rats and the human studies show that
metabolic effects of this type of surgical procedures emerge before the loss of
weight is evident and that recovery is achieved in diabetes.
Bariatric
surgery, also called obesity surgery, should also be considered as metabolic surgery,
as it also treats the diseases that associate with the obesity (Diabetes
Mellitus, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia etc.).
Bariatric
and metabolic surgery methods broadly divide into 3 classes.
1.Restrictive
Methods
2.
Combined restrictive and malabsorptive methods
3.
Pure malabsorptive methods
Among
the principal restrictive methods are gastric band and sleeve gastrectomy.
Intra-gastric
balloon is not a surgical method and it is another restrictive method, as a
balloon is placed in the gastric lumen with endoscopic method.
The
principal example of the combined restrictive and malabsorptive methods is the
gastric bypass.
Gastric bypass surgeries cover Roux-n-Y
gastric bypass, duodenal switch, IT or mini bypass.
The
most popular one of the pure malabsorptive procedures is biliopancreatic
diversion that is usually performed for super morbid obese patients especially
with an eating disorder, who eat too much.
Moreover,
DJB and DIB also fall into the group of malabsorptive methods.
Prof.
Aziz Sümer, M.D.
