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Gum surgery is done to eliminate disease pockets which still exist after all healing has been achieved following root planning. There are, however, a small number of cases which will not benefit from non-surgical root planning and surgery will be recommended without having root planning done. Surgery is most frequently done local anaesthetic. A periodontal dressing may be placed after the surgery in order to protect the tissues. There may be some pain after periodontal surgery. When surgery is done and diseased tissue is removed, the teeth may have more root surface exposed. This amount of exposure represents the amount of root surface which lost its gum and bone support from the gum disease. The surgery does not causing unnecessary damage

Non-surgical root canal treatment is a procedure directed towards saving an endodontically failing tooth. At times, the patient's existing artificial crown must be removed. In other instances, access through the crown may be possible. The access opening is created in order to give the dentist non-surgical access into the root canal space through the biting surface of the tooth. Once this has been accomplished, a non-surgical retreatment procedure oftentimes requires: Locating and treating previously missed canals. Removing old filling materials from the root canal space. Removing posts and broken instruments. Enhancing existing root canal treatment. Negotiating blocked canals and bypassing canal ledges. Repairing mechanical and pathological perforations in the root. Once these objectives have been accomplished, the root canal system is re-cleaned, re-shaped, disinfected, and three-dimensionally sealed. A protective restoration can then be placed and the tooth restored to a state of health and function.