Type I Diabetes Asia

In Type 1 DM (previously called juvenile-onset or -dependent), production is absent because of autoimmune pancreatic ß-cell destruction possibly triggered by an environmental exposure in genetically susceptible people. Destruction progresses subclinically over months or years until ß-cell mass decreases to the point that concentrations are no longer adequate to control plasma glucose levels. Type 1 DM generally develops in childhood or adolescence and until recently was the most common form diagnosed before age 30; however, it can also develop in adults. Type 1 accounts for

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is impaired secretion and variable degrees of peripheral resistance leading to hyperglycemia. Early symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and include polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Later complications include vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and predisposition to infection. Diagnosis is by measuring plasma glucose. Treatment is diet, exercise, and drugs that reduce glucose levels, including and oral antihyperglycemic drugs. Prognosis varies with degree of glucose control.

In type 2 DM (previously called adult-onset or non–-dependent), secretion is inadequate. Often levels are very high, especially early in the disease, but peripheral resistance and increased hepatic production of glucose make levels inadequate to normalize plasma glucose levels. production then falls, further exacerbating hyperglycemia. The disease generally develops in adults and becomes more common with age. Plasma glucose levels reach higher levels after eating in older than in younger adults, especially after high carbohydrate loads, and take longer to return to normal, in part because of increased accumulation of visceral and abdominal fat and decreased [Name redacted]. Type 2 DM is becoming increasingly common among children as childhood obesity has become epidemic: 40 to 50% of new-onset DM in children is now type 2. Over 90% of adults with DM have type 2 disease. Obesity and weight gain are important determinants of resistance in type 2 DM. They have some genetic determinants but also reflect diet, exercise, and lifestyle.