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How Do Braces Work?In their entirety, braces work by applying continuous pressure over a period of time to slowly move teeth in a specific direction. As the teeth move, the bone changes shape as pressure is applied. Braces are made up of the following components: Brackets are the small squares that are bonded directly to the front of each tooth with a special dental bonding agent or are attached to orthodontic bands. Brackets act like handles, holding the arch wires that move the teeth. There are several types of brackets, including stainless steel and tooth-colored ceramic or plastic, which are often selected because they’re less obvious. Occasionally, brackets are cemented to the back of teeth, in order to hide them from view.Orthodontic bands are stainless steel, clear, or tooth-colored materials that are cemented to the teeth with dental bonding agents. They wrap around each tooth to provide an anchor for the brackets. The clear or tooth-colored bands are more cosmetically appealing options but are more expensive than stainless steel. They are not used in all patients. Some people have only brackets and no bands.Spacers are separators that fit between teeth to create a small space prior to placement of orthodontic bands.Arch wires attach to the brackets and act as tracks to guide the movement of the teeth. Arch wires can be made of metal or be clear or tooth-colored.Ties are small rubber rings or fine wires that fasten the arch wire to the brackets. They can be clear, metal, or colored.A buccal tube on the band of the last tooth holds the end of the arch wire securely in place.Tiny elastic rubber bands, called ligatures, hold the arch wires to the brackets.Springs may be placed on the arch wires between brackets to push, pull, open, or close the spaces between teeth.Two bands on the upper teeth may have headgear tubes on them to hold the facebow of the he

Dental bleaching, also known as tooth whitening, is a common procedure in general dentistry but most especially in the field of cosmetic dentistry Whitening is not a one-time procedure. It will need to be repeated from time to time if you want to maintain the brighter color. What It's Used For The outer layer of a tooth is called the . The color of natural teeth is created by the reflection and scattering of light off the enamel, combined with the color of the under it. Your genes affect the thickness and smoothness of the enamel. Thinner enamel allows more of the color of the dentin to show through. Having smoother or rougher enamel also affects the reflection of light and therefore the color. Every day, a thin coating (pellicle) forms on the enamel and picks up stains. Tooth enamel also contains pores that can hold stains. The most common reasons for teeth to get yellow or stained are: Using tobaccoDrinking dark-colored liquids such as coffee, cola, tea and red wineNot taking good care of your teethAging also makes teeth less bright as the enamel gets thinner and the dentin becomes darker. It is also possible to have stains inside the tooth. These are called intrinsic stains. For example, intrinsic stains can be caused by exposure to too much as a child while teeth are developing. Other causes include antibiotics. They can stain a child's teeth if taken by a mother during the second half of pregnancy or by a child who is 8 years old or younger. Teeth are still developing during these years. Trauma may also darken a tooth. Tooth whitening is most effective on surface (extrinsic) stains. Preparation Other dental problems can affect the success of tooth whitening. For example, cavities need to be treated before teeth are whitened.

A bridge is a fixed dental restoration used to replace a missing by joining an artificial tooth permanently to adjacent teeth or . Types of bridges may vary, depending upon how they are fabricated and the way they anchor to the adjacent teeth. Conventionally, bridges are made using the . However, bridges can be fabricated directly in the mouth using such materials as . A bridge is fabricated by reducing the teeth on either side of the missing tooth or teeth by a preparation pattern determined by the location of the teeth and by the material from which the bridge is fabricated. In other words, the abutment teeth are reduced in size to accommodate the material to be used to restore the size and shape of the original teeth in a correct alignment and contact with the opposing teeth